New study sheds light on the molecular basis of gene expression

An international research collaboration has shed new light on the molecular basis of gene expression, the fundamental biological process that underpins how all organisms use their genetic information. 

The team used an advanced microscopy technique to capture in unprecedented detail a critical moment as genetic information is translated into the proteins that form nature's structures and biochemical processes. 

"Our research reveals how these molecules work like intricate machines. I am always amazed that it is possible to reconstitute such an intricate and biologically fundamental process in a tube in the laboratory," said Dr. Michael Webster, a group leader at the John Innes Centre and one of the authors of the study which appears in Science. 


It is particularly exciting to have the opportunity to use powerful imaging techniques to answer questions that researchers have been interested in for a long time," he added. 

The findings present opportunities for the research community to study how bacteria respond to their environment and, due to parallels in the chloroplasts, how plants adapt their photosynthetic activity to meet their needs. 

Proteins are made by decoding the genetic information stored in DNA. For decades, researchers have been trying to understand how the information is copied from the nucleotide sequence of genes to the amino acid sequence of proteins. 

DNA sequences have no capacity to act on their own but instead express themselves in the form of protein structures and biochemical activities, hence the name gene "expression." 

One central molecule involved in gene expression is the ribosome, which is a molecular machine that reads a transcribed copy of genetic information, called the messenger RNA (mRNA), to make a new protein. 

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