A New Type of System for Delivering Cargo Into Cells

 Scientists have created a new method for sending reagents and other materials into cells and embryos, in a major advance for research in this field. In this work, which was reported in Development, the investigators described Vitello ag, which can deliver reagents to cells in a totally new way.

When needles are used to inject embryos or developing cells, those needles have to be really small, and they are usually made by heating and stretching tiny glass capillaries apart. As a capillary is heated, stretched, pulled, and broken, two long, thin needles are formed. These delicate, fragile microneedles then have to be used in a technique called microinjection. But the eggs of some animals have tough membranes surrounding them, which can be very difficult for the microneedles to penetrate, without breaking themselves.


There are other challenges as well. For example, some eggs develop quite rapidly, so the injection window is very short. Microinjections often have low success rates. In this work, the researchers were inspired by an energy-supplying protein called vitellogenin, which is found in the yolks of most animal eggs.

Swartz noted that this protein is generated outside of the ovary, and can move through circulation to reach the ovary, where eggs import it. The investigators took advantage of that process. They took a tiny portion of the very large vitellogenin protein that binds to egg cell surface receptors. This portion is only about ten amino acids long, so other cargo can be added to it, such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing reagents.

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