First map of a cellular stress memory landscape paves the way for better understanding of cell stress-related disease processes

 

When does that seasonal suntan become a risk for melanoma? At what point could those extra pounds trigger diabetes? Could severe head injuries tip one over into Alzheimer’s disease? In the larger scheme of things, the risk factors include genetics, lifestyle and age, with the answers often only coming after the unfortunate diagnoses.
 However, a record of the physical slights, injuries, bad choices we make and abuses we experience exists as stress at a cellular level. UC Santa Barbara researchers have found a way to map this cellular “stress memory landscape,” which interprets the stresses that cells have already undergone and predicts the cells’ future reaction to stressors.

 “We’ve developed a platform that could allow us to eventually figure out how all stress-related diseases occur,” said molecular biologist Max Wilson, a senior author of a paper that appears on the cover the journal Cell System. In addition to demystifying the onset of cellular stress-related diseases, being able to map out this landscape could also lead to measures that could prevent or decrease the likelihood of those conditions, as well as generate more effective, innovative therapies.

What Doesn’t Kill You (Usually) Makes You Stronger

When the cells of your body experience stress, they mount a response aimed at getting things back into balance. This complex signaling pathway, called the integrated stress response (ISR), can be triggered from both inside and outside the cell, by stressors such as trauma, exposure to toxins, or pathological conditions.

“Stress will elicit a response that will either help the cells to adapt, or kill them, if the damage is too great,” Wilson said. In cases where the stress is low-level and relatively infrequent, the response tends to be transient. In situations where the stress is constant or perhaps severe enough, the responses could lead to chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegeneration or cancer.


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